Hari om!🕉
Q.1. Help done at the right time is bigger than a) The ocean b) the mountain c) the world d) God
A.1. Help done at the right time is bigger than c) the world
Reference – அறத்துப்பால் (Arathuppal Section – Virtue); Chapter 11 (Adhikaram) – செய்ந்நன்றி அறிதல்
(Seynnandri Aridhal)-Gratitute or Favour
kural 102 - காலத்தி னாற்செய்த நன்றி சிறிசதனினும் ஞாலத்தின் மாணப் சபரிது;
meaning: Greatness or value of a help is judged by its timing rather than its size. Whatever is the help, done at the time when most needed, is considered far larger and greater than the whole world.
Q.2. Good conduct leads a) Punyam (Nandri) b) Sorrow c) Moksha d) Fame
A.2. Good conduct leads d) Fame
Reference அறத்துப்பால் (Arathupaal Section on Virtue); Chapter 14 (Adhikaram) On Right Conduct
(ஒழுக்கமுடைடம Ozhukkam Udaimai)
kural 131 ஒழுக்கம் விழுப்பம் தரலான் ஒழுக்கம் உயிரினும் ஓம்பப் படும்.
Meaning: Doing what is right and following good morals, brings greatness, respect, and honour & good character to a person. It should be protected even more fiercely than one’s own life itself.
Q.3. Who is greater than the one who is fasting? a) The one who does charity b) The one who speaks pleasant words c) The one who bears the harsh words of others d) The one who has sense-control.
A.3. c) The one who bears the harsh words of others are greater than the one who is fasting.
Reference - அறத்துப்பால் (Arathuppal Section – Virtue); Chapter 16 (Adhikaram) – சபாடறயுடைடம
(Forbearance or Patience)
Kural 160 - உண்ணாது நநாற்பார் சபரியர் பிறர்சொல்லும் இன்னாச்சொல் நநாற்பாரின் பின்
meaning : Those who fast and perform penance are great, but they rank behind those who patiently endure the insults and harsh words spoken by others+ the spiritual discipline of fasting, placing it below the virtue of enduring harsh words from others.
Q.4. what will Lakshmi (Thirumagal) do to a jealous person? a) Take away the poverty and bestow wealth b) Take away the sorrow and give happiness c) Take away the wealth and give poverty d) Take away the poverty and bestow fame
A.4. To a jealous person, Lakshmi (Thirumagal- Seyyaval) shall c) Take away the wealth and give poverty
Reference-அறத்துப்பால் (Arathuppal Section– Virtue); Chapter 17 (Adhikaram) – அழுக்காறாடம (Envy)
Kural 167: அவ்வித் தழுக்கா றுடையாடனச் செய்யவள் தவ்டவடயக் காட்டி விடும்
meaning : The Goddess of Fortune (Lakshmi), will herself with envy depart, directing the jealous person to her elder sister (Moodevi/the Goddess of Misfortune and Poverty
Q.5. The (oodhiyam) purpose of the Jiva (in human life) are – a) Learning and teaching b) Charity and receiving
c) Charity and living with fame d) Learning and doing fire rituals.
A.5. The (oodhiyam) purpose of the Jiva (in human life) are – c) Charity and living with fame
kural 73:அன்நபாடுஇடயந்த வழக்சகன்ப ஆருயிர்க்கு என்நபாடு இடயந்த சதாைர்பு
meaning; the purpose of a jiva (embodied soul or conscious being) is to live a virtuous, harmonious, and disciplined life, this purpose to the realization of human potential through the pursuit of four life goals: Aram (virtue/righteousness), Porul (wealth/ethical prosperity), and Inbam (love/joy)
(Explain in detail):
Q. 1. Give a detailed explanation of Kural 118.
A.1. Reference-அறத்துப்பால் (Arathuppal Section– Virtue); Chapter 12 (Adhikaram) – நடுவுநிடலடம
(Impartiality or Equity)
Kural-118, ெமன்செய்து சீர்தூக்குங் நகால்நபால் அடமந்சதாருபால் நகாைாடம ொன்நறார்க் கணி
Meaning: true wisdom is the ability to cast aside personal prejudices and treat all matters with a level head. To align oneself perfectly with this principle is the highest ornament (or grace) of the wise. The metaphor is the
weighing scale as a well-poised balance - It sits perfectly level, weighing both sides without any bias before it ever tips to show the weight. An important verse on impartiality &INTEGRITY.
Q. 2. Mention the Kurals that talk about sense control and control of speech and explain their meanings.
A.3. Kurals that talk about sense control - Reference-அறத்துப்பால் (Arathuppal Section– Virtue);
Saint Thiruvalluvar dedicates an entire chapter அடக்கமுடடடை (அதிகாரம் 13 (Adhigaram 13: Self-Control) to the mastery of senses. He teaches that guarding one’s passions is the ultimate form of wealth and that disciplined control over what we see, hear, taste, touch, and smell leads to profound wisdom and protection in life.
Kural 126)- ஒருடமயுள் ஆடமநபால் ஐந்தைக்கல் ஆற்றின் எழுடமயும் ஏமாப் புடைத்து
Meaning; The Tortoise Metaphor -Thiruvalluvar compares an enlightened person to a tortoise, noting that one must be able to retract the five senses inward just as the turtle pulls its limbs into its shell when it senses danger. Mastering the sense control in this birth acts as an imperishable treasure and protects a person across future births.
Kural 127 யாகாவா ராயினும் நாகாக்க காவாக்கால் நொகாப்பர் சொல்லிழுக்குப் பட்டு
meaning: While all senses demand discipline, Thiruvalluvar places special emphasis on controlling the tongue, as an unchecked tongue inevitably leads to grief. Think before you speak. If you fail to watch what you say, your words will slip out and cause big problems. One cannot take the words back once they are said, and someone might be hurt for a long time.
KURAL 128; ஒன்றானுந் தீச்ச ால் சபாருட்பயன் உண்டாயின் நன்றாகா தாகி விடும்
meaning: a single cruel word can ruin all of a person's good deeds. Even if someone does many kind things, one bitter remark will undo all that goodness and all the virtues you have accumulated are lost.
Kural 121: அைக்கம் அமரருள் உய்க்கும் அைங்காடம ஆரிருள் உய்த்து விடும்.
Meaning: Self-control will lead an individual to heaven (or ultimate liberation), while unbridled passion paves the way to endless darkness.
Kural 124: நிடலயின் திரியாது அைங்கியான் நதாற்றம் மடலயினும் மாணப் சபரிது
A person who has triumphed over their passions and remains steady in their duty stands as firm, grand, and unshakeable as a mountain
Kural; 129. தீயினாற் சுட்ைபுண் உள்ளாறும் ஆறாநத நாவினாற் சுட்ை வடு.
Meaning: while a burn caused by fire will heal over time, the deep emotional scar left by hurtful words will never truly heal. It highlights the power of speech and urges us to be kind, as spoken words can never be taken back. The blister caused by fire will heal. But the brand of a bitter tongue will never heal.
Q. 3. Explain the consequences of speaking vain words on the basis on Payanila Sollaamai Adhikaram
A.3. Reference-அறத்துப்பால் (Arathuppal Section– Virtue); The 20th chapter of the Thirukkural , பயனில சொல்லாடம
'Payanila Sollamai' , explains the basic truthfulness of one's virtues and speech. Through this, Valluvar emphasizes the need to avoid useless words and speak meaningfully.
Key concepts of power
Useful Words: One should avoid speaking useless words that do not benefit others or have no purpose. The nature of wise people: Wise people who are endowed with common sense never speak useless words.
Hatred of others: The world will despise a person who tells useless stories that many people do not like when they hear them.
Some important verses and meanings
Verse 191: பல்லார் முனியப் பயனில சொல்லுவான் எல்லாரும் எள்ளப் படும்.
Meaning: Everyone will despise a person who speaks useless, empty words that many listeners hate.
Verse 192:பயனில பல்லார்முன் சொல்லல் நயனில நட்ைார்கண் செய்தலிற் றீது
meaning; Speaking useless things in a gathering of many people is worse than betraying friends who
does good to us.
Verse 193: நயனிலன் என்பது சொல்லும் பயனில பாரித்து உடரக்கும் உடர.
Meaning: If a person continues to speak useless things for many to know, the world will consider him ignorant (useless).
Verse 194: நயன்ொரா நன்டமயின் நீக்கும் பயன்ொராப் பண்பில்சொல் பல்லா ரகத்து.
Meaning: One who speaks useless words in front of many people will lose the love and good will of the people.
Kural 195; சீர்டம சிறப்சபாடு நீங்கும் பயனில நீர்டம யுடையார் சொலின்
Meaning: Even virtuous people, if they speak useless and vain words, their high reputation and fame will depart from them.
Verse 196: பயனில்சொல் பாராட்டு வாடன மகன்எனல் மக்கட் பதடி சயனல்.
Meaning: One who speaks useless words that are of no use to anyone should not be called a human being. He should be said to be useless to humanity, like chaff in a grain.
Q. 4. Explain how does the wealth of these three persons are beneficial to the society.
a) Perarivaalan b) Nayan Udaiyaan c) Perunthagaiyaan
A.4. In the Thirukkural, wealth is viewed as a public resource for societal welfare. The wealth of Perunthagaiyaan (the deeply benevolent) heals societal ills like a medicinal tree. The wealth of Nayan Udaiyaan (the righteous and equitable) sustains the community's trust, while the wealth of Perarivaalan (the profoundly wise) provides the strategic foresight to uplift everyone
The specific benefits of their wealth to society as per Thiruvalluvar include:
1. Perunthagaiyaan (The Generous and Noble Soul)
Societal Benefit: The wealth of the noble-hearted is compared to a tree where every single part—root, bark, leaf, and fruit—serves as medicine to cure the diseases of the needy.
Key Kural (217): “மருந்தாகித் தப்பா மரத்தற்றால் செல்வம் சபருந்தடக யான்கண் படின்”
Meaning: When wealth is acquired by a person of large and noble benevolence, it becomes a universally available resource that tirelessly relieves the sufferings of everyone around them without exception.
2. Nayan Udaiyaan (The Righteous and Equitable)
Societal Benefit: A righteous person understands the importance of living in harmony with the community (Oppuravu). They do not hoard their riches. Instead, they use their wealth to fulfill the basic needs of the society and maintain social equilibrium.
Key Kural (215): ஊருணி நீர்நிடறந் தற்நற உலகவாம் நபரறி வாளன் திரு
meaning: The wealth of a man of eminent knowledge, who desires to do good to the world, is like the full waters of a village tank. Wealth in the hands of the equitable is used to support relatives, guests, the poor, and the public, creating a safety net that prevents societal collapse.
Kural (219): நயனுடையான் நல்கூர்ந்தா னாதல் செயும்நீர செய்யாது அடமகலா வாறு
Meaning: The poverty of a benevolent (kind and helpful) man is nothing but his inability to exercise his generosity. When one can no longer help those in need, the person then only is poor.
3. Perarivaalan (The Profoundly Wise)
Societal Benefit: Wisdom enables a person to understand the right time, place, and method to invest and distribute wealth. The wise use their resources to fund public infrastructure, provide education, and create sustainable livelihoods rather than engaging in mere charity.
Key Kural (430): “அறிவுடையார் எல்லாம் முடையார் அறிவிலார் என்னுடைய நரனும் இலர்”
Meaning: Those who possess supreme wisdom and intellect effectively possess everything, as they have the capability to utilize wealth appropriately for the greatest common good.
Q. 5. Give the essence of Aruludaimai Adhikaram.
A.5. the essence of Aruludaimai (அருளுடைடம / Grace and Compassion), Reference – அறத்துப்பால்
(Arathuppal Section – Virtue) the 25th chapter of the Thirukkural, defines compassion as the greatest of all virtues. Thiruvalluvar argues that while material wealth can be acquired by anyone (even the wicked), true, enduring grace is the ultimate wealth that protects the soul from worldly darkness.
Core points:
The Ultimate Wealth: Grace (Arul) is considered the supreme treasure. Valluvar notes that wealth is fleeting and can be possessed by the lowest of people, but true compassion elevates the soul.
Shield against Misery: A compassionate heart eliminates the "darkness" of suffering and ignorance, guiding a person toward righteous living.
The Compassionate Soul: True grace involves actively protecting all living beings. People who practice this do not fear the negative karmic consequences that haunt ordinary souls.
Life's Foundation: Just as living in this world is impossible for those without material means, achieving liberation and spiritual fulfillment is impossible without a compassionate heart.
Practical Applications:
Universal Empathy: True grace extends beyond mere charity; it is a fundamental shift in perception where one avoids causing harm and prioritizes universal kindness.
Spiritual Clarity: Compassion is considered the foundation of all righteous actions. Without it, performing religious or virtuous deeds is as futile as trying to understand the ultimate truth with a clouded mind.
Jai Hind-Bharat! Jai Sanathana Dharma!👍🫡😊🤝👌🙏🕉
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